Wednesday, January 14, 2009

Le pluvia acide


(Languages of this post: Interlingua, English)


Le pluvia es un parte importantissime del systema ecologic de nostre planeta. Illo es le sol fonte de aqua desalinate pro le vita terrestre. Ma iste ressource indispensabile pro le vita de plantas e animales nunc deveni invenenate.

Il ha differente fontes de contamination atmospheric. Nostre fabricas libera multe residuos de combustion a in le aer de nostre planeta.

Nostre agricultores applica a lor recoltas insecticidas vaporisate sovente transportate a grande distantias per nostre atmosphera.

Le animales domesticate de nostre fermas que nos provide alimentos anque produce excrementos e gases que contamina le aer. Nostre centrales de electricitate thermic combura carbon, gas natural, e petroleo, cuje combustion sovente non es efficiente e libera a in le aer de nostre planeta multe productos toxic.

Nostre automobiles, camiones, trainos, e autobuses--probabilemente nostre fonte le plus grande de contamination atmospheric--anque libera al aer residuos toxic producite per le combustion de hydrocarbonos.

Iste contaminantes, principalmente le oxidos de sulfure e de nitrogeno, es le fontes del pluvia acide.

Iste pluvia destructive anque pote producer se per processos natural. Vulcanos e plantas que se discompone anque produce dioxido de sulfure, que facilemente pote causar pluvias toxic.

Ante le Revolution Industrial multe gente habeva plangite a causa del fumo del focos que illes usava pro califacer se o cocer alimentos, o del combustion de arbores pro preparar nove terras agricole quando lor vetule terras habeva perdite lor fecunditate; e il es possibile que le pluvio acide habeva essite un problema ecologic ante le seculos XVIII, XIX, e XX.

Ma le pollution atmospheric deveniva plus obvie in urbes industrialisate durante le seculo XIX. Inter le annos 1950 e 1980, le aciditate del pluvia que cadeva sur Europa multiplicava circa dece vices, e le problema de contamination pluvial ha devenite critic pro nostre systemas ecologic.

Un del problemas le plus grande presentate per le pluvia acide es su mobilitate. Le centrales thermic pro generar le electricitate in le Statos Unite nunc contamina lacos canadian. Pluvia acide originate in Anglaterra nunc contamina Scotia e altere partes de Europa, specialmente Scandinavia.

Quando le pluvia acide cade o directemente a in lacos o sur montanias circumferente cuje rivieras flue a in iste lacos, illo occide lor plantas e pisces.

Per omne le mundo il ha lacos cuje vita ha essite damnificate o completemente exterminate per le pluvia acide. Milles del lacos de Scandinavia, pro exemplo, nunc es morte. Le aciditate de alicun del lacos de Svedia mesmo ha augmentate mesmo 1.000 vices.

Le pluvia acide anque pote damnificar nostre forestes, cuje arbores necessita un solo san pro nutrir lor arbores. Le arbores de multes de illos ha perdite lor foliage a causa del aciditate del solo. Alicun ex illos nunc mori.

Arbores debilitate per aciditate perde lor resistentia al congelation o al siccitate. Illos anque es minus resistente a attaccos de viruses, fungos, e insectos que causa pestilentias extense.

Quando le pluvia acide cade in contacto con le exterior de nostre edificios, illo pote corroder e damnificar lor faciadas e le statuos que circumfere alicunos de illos. Iste problemas nunc destrue multo de nostre patrimonio cultural mundial. Ecce quatro exemplos:

(1) In Athenas, le Parthenon e altere edificios del Grecia antique nunc discompone.

(2) Le auro sur le cathedral de Cracovia in Polonia nunc corrode.

(3) Le Taj Mahal de India es menaciate per le fumo e le pluvia acide veniente de raffinerias de petroleo.

(4) In Roma, le citate ha debite recurrer a passos desperate pro proteger le statuo de Marco Aurelio, de Michelangelo.

Il essera dificilissime reparar iste monumentos e restaurar los a lor condition original.

Gradualmente iste problema ha devenite assatis ben cognoscite, e multes ex lel nationes del mundo jam ha comenciate a remediar los per medio de

(1) limitar le contamination del centrales electric thermic;

(2) diminuir le gases del tubos de escape del automobiles. Multe paises nunc require catalysatores in lor automobiles que elimina 90% (novanta pro cento) de lor effluente de oxidos de nitrogeno e altere contaminantes;

(3) restringer le uso de automobiles per medio de incoragiar le uso de transporte public e altere formas de transporte, como bicycletas

(4) sparniar energia in apartamentos, casas, e fabricas e applicar a illos altere formas de energia proveniente del sol o del vento;

(5) augmentar le regulationes sur le production de contamination e establir medios pro exiger lor complimento.

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Acid Rain

Rain is very important part of the ecological system of our planet. It is the only source of fresh/desalinated water for (life on earth)/(terrestrial life). But this indispensable resource for plant and animal life is now becoming poisoned.

There are different sources of atmospheric contamination. Our factories send many products of combustion into the air of our planet.

Our farmers apply to their crops vaporized insecticides often transported to great distances by our atmosphere.

The domesticated animals on our farms that provide us with food also produce excrement and gases that contaminate the air. Our thermal electric plants burn coal, natural gas, and petroleum, whose combustion is often not efficient and liberates into our air many toxic products.

Our automobiles, trucks, trains, and buses--probably our largest source of atmospheric contamination--also liberate into the air toxic residues produced by the combustion of hydrocarbons.

These contaminants, principally oxides of sulphur and nitrogen, are the sources of acid rain.

This destructive rain also can be produced by natural processes. Volcanos and decomposing plants also produce sulphur dioxide, which can easily cause toxic rain.

Before the Industrial Revolution many people had complained about the smoke from fires that they used to keep warm or cook food, or from the combustion of trees to prepare new agricultural land when their old land had lost its fertility; and it is possible that acid rain had been an ecological problem before the eighteenth, nineteenth, and twentieth centuries.

But atmospheric pollution became more obvious in cities industrialized during the nineteenth century. Between the years 1950 and 1980, the acidity of the rain that fell on Europe multiplied about ten times, and the problem of contamination from rain has become critical for our ecological systems.

One of the biggest problems presented by acid rain is its mobility. Thermal electric-generating plants in the United States are now contaminating Canadian lakes. Acid rain originating in England is now contaminating Scotland and other parts of Europe, especially Scandinavia.

When acid rain falls either directly into lakes or onto surrounding mountains whose rivers flow into these lakes, it kills (off) their plants and fish.

Throughout all the world there are lakes whose life has been damaged or completely exterminated by acid rain. Many of the lakes of Scandinavia, for example, are now dead. The acidity of some of the lakes in Sweden has even increased a thousand times.

Acid rain can also damage our forests, whose trees need a healthy soil to nourish their trees. The trees of many of them have lost their foliage because of the acidity of the soil. Some of them are now dying.

Trees weakened by acidity lose their resistence to freezing and to drought. They are also less resistent to attacks by viruses, fungi, and insects that cause extensive pestilence.

When acid rain falls into contact with the outside/exterior of our buildings, it can corrode and damage their façades and the statues that surround some of them. These problems are now destroying much of our world cultural patrimony. Here are four examples:

(1) In Athens, the Parthenon and other buildings from antique Greece are now decomposing.

(2) The gold on the cathedral of Cracow in Poland is now corroding.

(3) The Taj Mahal of India is menaced by smoke and acid rain coming from petroleum refineries.

(4) In Rome, the city has had to resort to desperate measures to protect the statue of Marcus Aurelius, by Michelangelo.

It will be very difficult to repair these monuments and restore them to their original condition.

Gradually, these problems have become rather well known, and many nations of the world have started to remedy them by

(1) limiting contamination from thermal electric-generation stations;

(2) reducing the gases from automobile exhaust pipes. Many countries now require catalytic converters on their cars, which eliminate 90% (ninety percent) of their outflow of nitrous dioxide and other contaminants;

(3) restricting the use of automobiles by encouraging the use of public transportation and other forms of transport, such as bicyles;

(4) saving energy in apartments, houses, and factories and applying to them other forms of energy from the sun or wind;

(5) increasing the regulations on the production of contamination and establishing enforcement mechanisms.

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