Friday, January 16, 2009

Le “magas” de Salem, Massachusetts


(Languages of this post: Interlingua, English)


In 1692 (mille sex centos novanta e duo) occureva in Salem, Massachusetts, un episodio multo vergoniose in le historia del Statos Unite. Illo comenciava quando un gruppo de pueras subitemente presentava evidentia de incantamento hysteric. Dece pueras, de nove a dece septe annos, se assemblava in le cucina del reverendo John Parris e ascoltava le historias de Tituba, un sclava qui habeva venite a Massachusetts de un del insulas del Mar Caribe.

Tituba esseva un conversa al christianitate, ma ante su conversion illa habeva apprendite le secretos del magia e del vudu traditional del cultura que la habeva producite. Illa terrificava con historias de incantamento e homocidio iste dece pueras, cuje familia habeva inseniate a illas le doctrina christian severissime de ille epocha.

Elizabeth Parris, le filia de un ministro puritan, se eveliava un nocte critante e insistente que il habeva in su camera alicun monstros horribile. Su familia faceva venir a illa un medico, qui, in ille dias de medicina prescientific, diceva que un maga habeva incantate malignemente le povre puera.

Omnes de Salem deveniva hysteric post audir iste nova. Postea le altere pueras qui habeva audite le narrationes de Tituba deveniva victimas de simile attaccos hysteric.

Il ha habite debattos interminabile pro determinar si le pueras fingeva iste attaccos de incantamento o si illas solmente habeva delusiones de tal attaccos. Il es possibile que iste pueras comenciava solmente con le desiro de attraher a se attention e sympathia e que, con le tempore, illas comenciava creder vermente que illas esseva incantate malignemente.

Ma omne le gente de Salem credeva iste pueras e anque credeva in le Biblia, que habeva iste instruction: "Tu non permittera que un maga vive."

Iste circumstantias provocava le processo legal de tres feminas--Tituba, Goodwife Osburn, e Sarah Good--e postea le accusation frenetic de multe alteres.

Post comprender le natura e extension de iste hysteria communitari, un del pueras, Mary Warren, confessava que su historias de incantamento esseva completemente fingite. Ma le altere pueras accusava Mary mesme de esser un maga e diceva que illas habeva vidite su phantasma ectoplasmic.

Nemo trovava credibile lo que diceva Mary proque omnes esseva convincite que illa habeva essite incantate. Omnes credeva que le demonstration de convulsiones hysteric per le altere pueras (que se mordeva le brachios, critava, e faceva accusationes contra un grande serie de magas) probava lor accusationes.

Un puera de cinque annos confessava que illa esseva un maga e que illa manteneva un serpente nigre como un spirito personal. Iste confession ganiava pro illa octo menses in le carcere durissimemente incatenate. On credeva que le catenas pesante esseva necesse pro prevenir que illa faceva incantamentos contra altere personas.

Un povre puera, Dorcas Goode, le filia de Sara Goode (que le communitate habeva executate con Tituba e Goodwife Osburn) esseva pendite post haber negate que illa esseva un maga. Solmente illes qui negava esser magas esseva pendite.

Eventualmente, on concedeva le libertate a omne le alteres qui habeva confessate que illas esseva magas. Un total de dece nove personas esseva pendite e un, Giles Corey, de octanta annos de etate, qui non voleva admitter o negar su uso del magia, esseva gradualmente occidite per le pression crescente de petras que on gradualmente placiava sur un planca super su corpore.

In septembre, 1692 (mille sex centos novanta duo), iste crise habeva diminuite quasi completemente, e multe personas timeva que on habeva executate personas innocente de incantamento, e le confession de Mary Warren esseva publicamente legite in un del ecclesias local de Salem.

Le judices involvite in le processo eventualmente declarava publicamente que illes habeva errate. Illes signava un documento confessante que illes "habeva essite victimas de un forte delusion general". E pro un periodo de multe annos post iste triste episodio in le historia del Statos Unite, le gente de Salem exprimeva su regret con un die annual de jejuno e penitentia.

Historicos moderne nunc crede que le symptomas que faceva le pueras creder que illas esseva incantate esseva producite per le intoxication de ergotismo, causate per un fungo in le secale que illas habeva mangiate.

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The "Witches" of Salem, Massachusetts

In 1692 (sixteen ninety-two) a very shameful episode in the history of the United States took place in Salem, Massachusetts. It started when a groups of young girls suddenly seemed to be hysterically bewitched. Ten girls, from nine to seventeen years of age, got together in the kitchen of the reverend John Parris and were told some stories by Tituba, a woman slave who had come to Massachusetts from one of the islands in the Caribbean.

Tituba was a convert to Christianity, but before her conversion she had learned the secrets of the magic and the traditional voodoo of the culture that had produced her. She terrified with stories about murder and witches' spells these ten children, whose family had taught them the very severe Christian doctrine of that time.

Elizabeth Parris, the daughter of a puritan minister, woke up one night crying and insisting that some horrible monsters were in her bed. Her family summoned a physician, who, in those days of prescientific medicine, said that a witch had cast an evil spell on the poor girl.

Everyone in Salem became histerical after hearing this piece of news. Afterward, the other girls who had heard Tituba's stories became victims of similar hysterical attacks.

There have been interminable debates to determine if the girls were pretending to be bewitched or if they only had delusions of these attacks. It is possible that these girls started out only with the desire of attracting attention and sympathy and that, in time, they started to really believe that they were victims of evil witches' spells.

But all the people in Salem believed these girls and also believed in the Bible, which had this instruction: "You must not allow a witch to live."

These circumstances led to the trial of three women--Tituba, Goodwife Osburn, and Sarah Good--and afterward to hysterical accusations by many other people.

After understanding the nature and extent of this community hysteria, one of the girls, Mary Warren, confessed that her stories about being a victim of evil spells were completely made up. But the other girls accused Mary herself of being a witch and said that they had seen her ectoplasmic ghost.

Nobody found what Mary said to be credible because everyone was convinced that she had been bewitched. Everyone believed that the demonstration of hysterical convulsion by the other girls (who bit their arms, cried out, and made accusations against a large group of witches) proved their accusations.

A five-year-old girl confessed that she was a witch and that she kept a black snake as a personal spirit. This confession earned her eight months in jail in heavy chains. It was believed that the heavy chains were needed to keep her from casting spells on other people.

An unfortunate girl, Dorcas Goode, the daughter of Sara Goode (who had been executed along with Tituba and Goodwife Osburn), was hanged after denying that she was a witch. Only those denying that they were witches were hanged.

Eventually all the others who confessed to being witches were freed. A total of nineteen people were hanged and one, Giles Corey, who was eighty years old and refused to either confirm or deny her use of magic, was gradually killed by the growing weight of rocks that were gradually placed on a plank on top of her body.

In September, 1692 (sixteen ninety-two), this crisis was almost completely ended, and many were afraid that they had executed people who were innocent of witchcraft, and Mary Warren's confession was publicly read in in one of the local churches of Salem.

The judges involved in the trials eventually declared publicly that they had made a mistake. They signed a document confessing that they "had been victims of a strong general delusion." And for a period of many years after this sad episode in the history of the United States the people of Salem expressed their regret with a annual day of fasting and repentence.

Modern historians now believe that the symptons that made the girls believe they were bewitched were produced by ergot poisoning from a fungus in the rye that they had eaten.

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