Wednesday, January 14, 2009

Breve historia del Brasil, Parte 5

(Languages of this post: Interlingua, English)

Le independentia e le imperio:

In despecto de su distantia de Europa, le politica Napoleonic habeva un grandissime influentia in le disveloppamento politic del Brasil. Secundo le "systema continental" de Napoleon, nulle pais europee poteva facer commercio con Britannia.

Portugal e Anglaterra habeva essite alliatos durante multe tempore, e le governamento portugese continuava su commercio con le angleses. Napoleon respondeva marchante su truppas verso Lisboa. Con le adjuta del marina de guerra britannic, omne le familia regal, su corte, e su functionarios escappava al Brasil.

Le principe regente, João, que le brasilianos recipeva con multe enthusiasmo, inaugurava un serie de reformas: Ille immediatemente recognosceva le position del Brasil como sede de su imperio e aboleva le monopolio commercial portugese, aperiente le portos brasilian al commercio de altere paises.

Post instalar se in Rio de Janeiro, le corte creava diverse organismos politic, judicial, e cultural. Le angleses derivava le major beneficios del novemente liberate commercio, que reduceva le pression economic sur lor pais causate per su exclusion per Napoleon ex le commercio europee, e numerose companias commercial britannic aperiva officios in le Brasil.

In 1816, le prince regente deveniva le rege João VI del imperio portugese. Ille habeva un certe popularitate personal, ma su governamento inspirava odio a causa de su politicas corrupte e arbitrari.

In 1789 José Joaquim da Silva Xavier (cognoscite como Tiradentes--un dentista cuje nomina significa "extractor de dentes")--dirigeva le prime rebellion contra le autoritate portugese. Le portugeses supprimeva su rebellion e le occideva, e ille deveniva un heroe national inter le brasilianos.

In 1817 un gruppo de rebellos proclamava un republica in Pernambuco, ma le portugeses supprimeva iste rebellion post tres menses. Le causa principal de iste rebelliones esseva le severitate del conditiones de vita pro illes qui non esseva commerciantes o proprietarios de fazendas.

Durante que João esseva in le Brasil, Portugal passava per un epocha de convulsion politic. Post le retraite del franceses, un regentia emergeva que governava le pais de un maniera tyrannic e arbitrari. In 1820 le populo portugese revoltava contra le regentia e convocava le "cortes" (parlamento) pro elaborar un constitution.

Ben que João amava le Brasil e voleva remaner illac, le cortes le obligava a retornar a Portugal, e su filio, Pedro I, deveniva le regente del pais. Le cortes de Lisboa revocava le reformas introducite al Brasil e essayava retornar le pais al status quo ante.

Le cortes anque voleva que Pedro I retornava a Portugal, ma ille refusava, e le 7 de septembre de 1822 ille proclamava le independentia del Brasil e esseva declarate imperator del pais. Le Statos Unite esseva le prime governamento que recognosceva le nove governamento brasilian in 1824.

In 1825 le portugeses anque recognosceva le independentia del Brasil a causa del intervention del angleses, qui voleva mantener lor privilegios commercial in le pais.

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Independence and the Empire:

Despite its distance from Europe, Napoleonic policies had a very heavy influence on the political development of Brazil. According to the "continental system" of Napoleon, no European country could do business with the British.

Portugal and England had been allies for a long time, and the Portuguese government continued its commerce with the British. Napoleon responded by marching his troops toward Lisbon. With the help of the British Navy, the entire royal family, its court, and its officials escaped to Brazil.

The prince regent, João, received with a lot of enthusiasm by the Brazilians, inaugurated a series of reforms: He immediately recognized Brazil as the capital of his empire and abolished Portuguese mercantilism, opening Brazilian ports to commerce with other countries.

After settling in Rio de Janeiro, the court created various political, judicial, and cultural institutions. The English received the heaviest benefits from the liberalized Portuguese economic policies, which reduced economic pressure on their country caused by their exclusion by Napoleon from European commerce, and numerous British companies opened their offices in Brazil.

In 1816, the prince regent became King João VI of the Portuguese empire. He enjoyed a certain personal popularity, but his government inspired hatred because of its corrupt and arbitrary policies.

In 1789 José Joaquim da Silva Xavier (known as "Tiradentes"--a dentist whose name means "tooth puller") led the first rebellion against Portuguese authority. The Portuguese put down his rebellion and killed him, and he became a national hero among the Brazilians.

In 1817 a group of rebels proclaimed a republic in Pernambuco, but the Portuguese successfully put down this rebellion after three months. The principal cause of these rebellions was the severity of the living conditions for people who weren't traders or large landholders.

While João was in Brazil, Portugal went through a period of political convulsions. After the French retreated, a regency emerged that governed the country in a dictatorial and arbitrary fashion. In 1820 the Portuguese people revolted against the regency and called into session the "cortes" (parliament) to draft a new constitution.

While João loved Brazil and wanted to stay there, the cortes made him return to Portugal, and his son, Pedro I, became the regent of Brazil. The Lisbon cortes rescinded the reforms introduced into Brazil and tried to return the country to the status quo ante.

The cortes also wanted Pedro I to return to Portugal, but he refused, and on September 7, 1822, he proclaimed the independence of Brazil and was declared emperor of the country. The United States was the first government to recognize the new Brazilian government in 1824.

In 1825 the Portuguese also recognized the independence of Brazil because of the intervention of the English, who wanted to maintain their commercial privileges in that country.

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